Backend Frameworks Overview | Backend Developer | Ephizen

What is a Framework?#

A framework provides structure and tools so you don't reinvent the wheel:

Routing - Map URLs to code
Middleware - Process requests/responses
Request/Response handling - Parse JSON, send responses
Database integration - Connect to databases
Security - Authentication, validation

Without a framework, you'd write everything from scratch. Frameworks let you focus on your application logic.

Framework Types#

Minimal (Micro) Frameworks#

Philosophy: Give you the basics, you add what you need
Pros: Lightweight, flexible, fast
Cons: More decisions, more setup
Examples: Express.js, Flask, Fastify, Gin

Full-Featured (Batteries-Included) Frameworks#

Philosophy: Everything you need out of the box
Pros: Less decisions, integrated tooling
Cons: Heavier, learning curve, less flexibility
Examples: Django, NestJS, Spring Boot, Rails

JavaScript / Node.js Frameworks#

Express.js#

The most popular Node.js framework

javascript

import express from 'express';
const app = express();

app.use(express.json());

app.get('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  const users = await User.find();
  res.json({ data: users });
});

app.post('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  const user = await User.create(req.body);
  res.status(201).json({ data: user });
});

app.listen(3000);

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Good
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Massive
Best for	Most Node.js projects

Pros: Simple, flexible, huge ecosystem, tons of middleware Cons: Minimal structure, you decide everything

Fastify#

Fast and low overhead

javascript

import Fastify from 'fastify';
const fastify = Fastify({ logger: true });

fastify.get('/api/users', async (request, reply) => {
  const users = await User.find();
  return { data: users };
});

// JSON Schema validation built-in
fastify.post('/api/users', {
  schema: {
    body: {
      type: 'object',
      required: ['email', 'name'],
      properties: {
        email: { type: 'string', format: 'email' },
        name: { type: 'string' }
      }
    }
  }
}, async (request, reply) => {
  const user = await User.create(request.body);
  reply.code(201).send({ data: user });
});

fastify.listen({ port: 3000 });

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Good
Best for	Performance-critical APIs

Pros: 2x faster than Express, built-in validation, TypeScript support Cons: Smaller ecosystem, different plugin system

NestJS#

Enterprise-grade, Angular-inspired

typescript

// user.controller.ts
@Controller('users')
export class UserController {
  constructor(private userService: UserService) {}

  @Get()
  async findAll(): Promise<User[]> {
    return this.userService.findAll();
  }

  @Post()
  @HttpCode(201)
  async create(@Body() createUserDto: CreateUserDto): Promise<User> {
    return this.userService.create(createUserDto);
  }
}

// user.module.ts
@Module({
  controllers: [UserController],
  providers: [UserService],
})
export class UserModule {}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Moderate-Hard
Performance	Good
Flexibility	Medium
Ecosystem	Large
Best for	Enterprise, large teams

Pros: Strong architecture, dependency injection, TypeScript-first, great docs Cons: More boilerplate, steeper learning curve, heavier

Hono#

Ultra-fast, edge-first

typescript

import { Hono } from 'hono';
import { validator } from 'hono/validator';

const app = new Hono();

app.get('/api/users', async (c) => {
  const users = await User.find();
  return c.json({ data: users });
});

app.post('/api/users',
  validator('json', (value, c) => {
    if (!value.email) return c.json({ error: 'Email required' }, 400);
    return value;
  }),
  async (c) => {
    const body = c.req.valid('json');
    const user = await User.create(body);
    return c.json({ data: user }, 201);
  }
);

export default app;

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Growing
Best for	Edge, Cloudflare Workers, Bun

Pros: Tiny (14KB), works everywhere (Node, Deno, Bun, edge), fast Cons: Newer, smaller ecosystem

Node.js Framework Comparison#

Framework	Speed	Size	Structure	TypeScript	Best For
Express	Good	2MB	Minimal	Add-on	General purpose
Fastify	Excellent	2MB	Minimal	Built-in	Performance APIs
NestJS	Good	Heavy	Opinionated	Native	Enterprise
Hono	Excellent	14KB	Minimal	Native	Edge, serverless
Koa	Good	Light	Minimal	Add-on	Modern Express alt

Python Frameworks#

FastAPI#

Modern, fast, automatic docs

python

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()

class UserCreate(BaseModel):
    email: EmailStr
    name: str

class User(UserCreate):
    id: int

@app.get("/api/users", response_model=list[User])
async def get_users():
    return await db.users.find_all()

@app.post("/api/users", response_model=User, status_code=201)
async def create_user(user: UserCreate):
    return await db.users.create(user.dict())

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent (for Python)
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Growing
Best for	Modern Python APIs

Pros: Auto-generated docs, type hints, async, fast Cons: Newer, less mature than Django

Django#

Batteries-included, admin panel

python

# views.py
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import User
from .serializers import UserSerializer

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

# urls.py
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Moderate
Performance	Good
Flexibility	Medium
Ecosystem	Massive
Best for	Full-featured web apps

Pros: Admin panel, ORM, auth, everything included Cons: Monolithic, can be overkill for APIs

Flask#

Minimal, flexible

python

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/api/users', methods=['GET'])
def get_users():
    users = User.query.all()
    return jsonify({'data': [u.to_dict() for u in users]})

@app.route('/api/users', methods=['POST'])
def create_user():
    data = request.get_json()
    user = User(**data)
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    return jsonify({'data': user.to_dict()}), 201

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Good
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Large
Best for	Simple APIs, microservices

Pros: Simple, flexible, great for learning Cons: No async (use Quart), manual setup for larger apps

Python Framework Comparison#

Framework	Speed	Structure	Async	Best For
FastAPI	Fast	Minimal	Native	Modern APIs
Django	Medium	Full	Add-on	Full web apps
Flask	Medium	Minimal	No	Simple APIs
Tornado	Fast	Minimal	Native	WebSockets

Go Frameworks#

Gin#

Most popular Go framework

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type User struct {
    ID    uint   `json:"id"`
    Email string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
    Name  string `json:"name" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/api/users", func(c *gin.Context) {
        users := db.FindAllUsers()
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"data": users})
    })

    r.POST("/api/users", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var user User
        if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&user); err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        db.CreateUser(&user)
        c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, gin.H{"data": user})
    })

    r.Run(":3000")
}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Good
Best for	REST APIs

Fiber#

Express-inspired, extremely fast

package main

import (
    "github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
)

func main() {
    app := fiber.New()

    app.Get("/api/users", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        users := db.FindAllUsers()
        return c.JSON(fiber.Map{"data": users})
    })

    app.Post("/api/users", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        user := new(User)
        if err := c.BodyParser(user); err != nil {
            return c.Status(400).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": err.Error()})
        }
        db.CreateUser(user)
        return c.Status(201).JSON(fiber.Map{"data": user})
    })

    app.Listen(":3000")
}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Growing
Best for	Express devs moving to Go

Go Framework Comparison#

Framework	Speed	Style	Best For
Gin	Excellent	Minimal	General APIs
Fiber	Excellent	Express-like	Node.js devs
Echo	Excellent	Minimal	High performance
Chi	Excellent	Idiomatic	Standard library fans

Rust Frameworks#

Actix-web#

Extremely fast, production-ready

rust

use actix_web::{get, post, web, App, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct User {
    id: u32,
    email: String,
    name: String,
}

#[get("/api/users")]
async fn get_users(db: web::Data<Database>) -> HttpResponse {
    let users = db.find_all_users().await;
    HttpResponse::Ok().json(serde_json::json!({ "data": users }))
}

#[post("/api/users")]
async fn create_user(
    db: web::Data<Database>,
    user: web::Json<User>,
) -> HttpResponse {
    let user = db.create_user(user.into_inner()).await;
    HttpResponse::Created().json(serde_json::json!({ "data": user }))
}

#[actix_web::main]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    HttpServer::new(|| {
        App::new()
            .service(get_users)
            .service(create_user)
    })
    .bind("127.0.0.1:3000")?
    .run()
    .await
}

Axum#

Tokio-based, ergonomic

rust

use axum::{routing::{get, post}, Json, Router};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct User {
    id: u32,
    email: String,
    name: String,
}

async fn get_users() -> Json<serde_json::Value> {
    let users = db::find_all_users().await;
    Json(serde_json::json!({ "data": users }))
}

async fn create_user(Json(user): Json<User>) -> Json<serde_json::Value> {
    let user = db::create_user(user).await;
    Json(serde_json::json!({ "data": user }))
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let app = Router::new()
        .route("/api/users", get(get_users).post(create_user));

    axum::Server::bind(&"0.0.0.0:3000".parse().unwrap())
        .serve(app.into_make_service())
        .await
        .unwrap();
}

Java Frameworks#

Spring Boot#

Industry standard for Java

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, List<User>>> getUsers() {
        List<User> users = userRepository.findAll();
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("data", users));
    }

    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, User>> createUser(@Valid @RequestBody CreateUserRequest request) {
        User user = userRepository.save(new User(request));
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(Map.of("data", user));
    }
}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Moderate
Performance	Very Good
Flexibility	Medium
Ecosystem	Massive
Best for	Enterprise Java

How to Choose#

Decision Framework

Starting out / Learning? → Express.js or Flask - Simple, great docs

Building an API quickly? → FastAPI (Python) or Fastify (Node.js) - Modern, fast

Enterprise / Large team? → NestJS, Spring Boot, or Django - Structure and conventions

Maximum performance? → Gin (Go), Actix-web (Rust), or Fastify (Node.js)

Edge / Serverless? → Hono - Tiny, runs everywhere

Full-stack web app? → Django or NestJS - Everything included

This Guide's Choice#

This guide uses Express.js because:

Most popular - Huge community, tons of resources
Simple to learn - Minimal concepts to get started
Flexible - Build any way you want
Transferable - Patterns apply to other frameworks
Job market - High demand

Everything you learn with Express (routing, middleware, authentication, databases) applies to any framework. The syntax changes, but the concepts remain the same.

Key Takeaways#

Minimal vs Full-featured - Trade-off between flexibility and structure
Performance rarely matters - Developer productivity usually matters more
Learn one well - Concepts transfer to other frameworks
Match your team - Use what your team knows
Consider ecosystem - Libraries and community support matter

What is a Framework?#

A framework provides structure and tools so you don't reinvent the wheel:

Routing - Map URLs to code
Middleware - Process requests/responses
Request/Response handling - Parse JSON, send responses
Database integration - Connect to databases
Security - Authentication, validation

Without a framework, you'd write everything from scratch. Frameworks let you focus on your application logic.

Framework Types#

Minimal (Micro) Frameworks#

Philosophy: Give you the basics, you add what you need
Pros: Lightweight, flexible, fast
Cons: More decisions, more setup
Examples: Express.js, Flask, Fastify, Gin

Full-Featured (Batteries-Included) Frameworks#

Philosophy: Everything you need out of the box
Pros: Less decisions, integrated tooling
Cons: Heavier, learning curve, less flexibility
Examples: Django, NestJS, Spring Boot, Rails

JavaScript / Node.js Frameworks#

Express.js#

The most popular Node.js framework

javascript

import express from 'express';
const app = express();

app.use(express.json());

app.get('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  const users = await User.find();
  res.json({ data: users });
});

app.post('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  const user = await User.create(req.body);
  res.status(201).json({ data: user });
});

app.listen(3000);

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Good
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Massive
Best for	Most Node.js projects

Pros: Simple, flexible, huge ecosystem, tons of middleware Cons: Minimal structure, you decide everything

Fastify#

Fast and low overhead

javascript

import Fastify from 'fastify';
const fastify = Fastify({ logger: true });

fastify.get('/api/users', async (request, reply) => {
  const users = await User.find();
  return { data: users };
});

// JSON Schema validation built-in
fastify.post('/api/users', {
  schema: {
    body: {
      type: 'object',
      required: ['email', 'name'],
      properties: {
        email: { type: 'string', format: 'email' },
        name: { type: 'string' }
      }
    }
  }
}, async (request, reply) => {
  const user = await User.create(request.body);
  reply.code(201).send({ data: user });
});

fastify.listen({ port: 3000 });

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Good
Best for	Performance-critical APIs

Pros: 2x faster than Express, built-in validation, TypeScript support Cons: Smaller ecosystem, different plugin system

NestJS#

Enterprise-grade, Angular-inspired

typescript

// user.controller.ts
@Controller('users')
export class UserController {
  constructor(private userService: UserService) {}

  @Get()
  async findAll(): Promise<User[]> {
    return this.userService.findAll();
  }

  @Post()
  @HttpCode(201)
  async create(@Body() createUserDto: CreateUserDto): Promise<User> {
    return this.userService.create(createUserDto);
  }
}

// user.module.ts
@Module({
  controllers: [UserController],
  providers: [UserService],
})
export class UserModule {}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Moderate-Hard
Performance	Good
Flexibility	Medium
Ecosystem	Large
Best for	Enterprise, large teams

Pros: Strong architecture, dependency injection, TypeScript-first, great docs Cons: More boilerplate, steeper learning curve, heavier

Hono#

Ultra-fast, edge-first

typescript

import { Hono } from 'hono';
import { validator } from 'hono/validator';

const app = new Hono();

app.get('/api/users', async (c) => {
  const users = await User.find();
  return c.json({ data: users });
});

app.post('/api/users',
  validator('json', (value, c) => {
    if (!value.email) return c.json({ error: 'Email required' }, 400);
    return value;
  }),
  async (c) => {
    const body = c.req.valid('json');
    const user = await User.create(body);
    return c.json({ data: user }, 201);
  }
);

export default app;

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Growing
Best for	Edge, Cloudflare Workers, Bun

Pros: Tiny (14KB), works everywhere (Node, Deno, Bun, edge), fast Cons: Newer, smaller ecosystem

Node.js Framework Comparison#

Framework	Speed	Size	Structure	TypeScript	Best For
Express	Good	2MB	Minimal	Add-on	General purpose
Fastify	Excellent	2MB	Minimal	Built-in	Performance APIs
NestJS	Good	Heavy	Opinionated	Native	Enterprise
Hono	Excellent	14KB	Minimal	Native	Edge, serverless
Koa	Good	Light	Minimal	Add-on	Modern Express alt

Python Frameworks#

FastAPI#

Modern, fast, automatic docs

python

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()

class UserCreate(BaseModel):
    email: EmailStr
    name: str

class User(UserCreate):
    id: int

@app.get("/api/users", response_model=list[User])
async def get_users():
    return await db.users.find_all()

@app.post("/api/users", response_model=User, status_code=201)
async def create_user(user: UserCreate):
    return await db.users.create(user.dict())

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent (for Python)
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Growing
Best for	Modern Python APIs

Pros: Auto-generated docs, type hints, async, fast Cons: Newer, less mature than Django

Django#

Batteries-included, admin panel

python

# views.py
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import User
from .serializers import UserSerializer

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

# urls.py
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Moderate
Performance	Good
Flexibility	Medium
Ecosystem	Massive
Best for	Full-featured web apps

Pros: Admin panel, ORM, auth, everything included Cons: Monolithic, can be overkill for APIs

Flask#

Minimal, flexible

python

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/api/users', methods=['GET'])
def get_users():
    users = User.query.all()
    return jsonify({'data': [u.to_dict() for u in users]})

@app.route('/api/users', methods=['POST'])
def create_user():
    data = request.get_json()
    user = User(**data)
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    return jsonify({'data': user.to_dict()}), 201

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Good
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Large
Best for	Simple APIs, microservices

Pros: Simple, flexible, great for learning Cons: No async (use Quart), manual setup for larger apps

Python Framework Comparison#

Framework	Speed	Structure	Async	Best For
FastAPI	Fast	Minimal	Native	Modern APIs
Django	Medium	Full	Add-on	Full web apps
Flask	Medium	Minimal	No	Simple APIs
Tornado	Fast	Minimal	Native	WebSockets

Go Frameworks#

Gin#

Most popular Go framework

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type User struct {
    ID    uint   `json:"id"`
    Email string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
    Name  string `json:"name" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/api/users", func(c *gin.Context) {
        users := db.FindAllUsers()
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"data": users})
    })

    r.POST("/api/users", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var user User
        if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&user); err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        db.CreateUser(&user)
        c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, gin.H{"data": user})
    })

    r.Run(":3000")
}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Good
Best for	REST APIs

Fiber#

Express-inspired, extremely fast

package main

import (
    "github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
)

func main() {
    app := fiber.New()

    app.Get("/api/users", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        users := db.FindAllUsers()
        return c.JSON(fiber.Map{"data": users})
    })

    app.Post("/api/users", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        user := new(User)
        if err := c.BodyParser(user); err != nil {
            return c.Status(400).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": err.Error()})
        }
        db.CreateUser(user)
        return c.Status(201).JSON(fiber.Map{"data": user})
    })

    app.Listen(":3000")
}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Easy
Performance	Excellent
Flexibility	High
Ecosystem	Growing
Best for	Express devs moving to Go

Go Framework Comparison#

Framework	Speed	Style	Best For
Gin	Excellent	Minimal	General APIs
Fiber	Excellent	Express-like	Node.js devs
Echo	Excellent	Minimal	High performance
Chi	Excellent	Idiomatic	Standard library fans

Rust Frameworks#

Actix-web#

Extremely fast, production-ready

rust

use actix_web::{get, post, web, App, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct User {
    id: u32,
    email: String,
    name: String,
}

#[get("/api/users")]
async fn get_users(db: web::Data<Database>) -> HttpResponse {
    let users = db.find_all_users().await;
    HttpResponse::Ok().json(serde_json::json!({ "data": users }))
}

#[post("/api/users")]
async fn create_user(
    db: web::Data<Database>,
    user: web::Json<User>,
) -> HttpResponse {
    let user = db.create_user(user.into_inner()).await;
    HttpResponse::Created().json(serde_json::json!({ "data": user }))
}

#[actix_web::main]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    HttpServer::new(|| {
        App::new()
            .service(get_users)
            .service(create_user)
    })
    .bind("127.0.0.1:3000")?
    .run()
    .await
}

Axum#

Tokio-based, ergonomic

rust

use axum::{routing::{get, post}, Json, Router};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct User {
    id: u32,
    email: String,
    name: String,
}

async fn get_users() -> Json<serde_json::Value> {
    let users = db::find_all_users().await;
    Json(serde_json::json!({ "data": users }))
}

async fn create_user(Json(user): Json<User>) -> Json<serde_json::Value> {
    let user = db::create_user(user).await;
    Json(serde_json::json!({ "data": user }))
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let app = Router::new()
        .route("/api/users", get(get_users).post(create_user));

    axum::Server::bind(&"0.0.0.0:3000".parse().unwrap())
        .serve(app.into_make_service())
        .await
        .unwrap();
}

Java Frameworks#

Spring Boot#

Industry standard for Java

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, List<User>>> getUsers() {
        List<User> users = userRepository.findAll();
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("data", users));
    }

    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, User>> createUser(@Valid @RequestBody CreateUserRequest request) {
        User user = userRepository.save(new User(request));
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(Map.of("data", user));
    }
}

Aspect	Rating
Learning curve	Moderate
Performance	Very Good
Flexibility	Medium
Ecosystem	Massive
Best for	Enterprise Java

How to Choose#

Decision Framework

Starting out / Learning? → Express.js or Flask - Simple, great docs

Building an API quickly? → FastAPI (Python) or Fastify (Node.js) - Modern, fast

Enterprise / Large team? → NestJS, Spring Boot, or Django - Structure and conventions

Maximum performance? → Gin (Go), Actix-web (Rust), or Fastify (Node.js)

Edge / Serverless? → Hono - Tiny, runs everywhere

Full-stack web app? → Django or NestJS - Everything included

This Guide's Choice#

This guide uses Express.js because:

Most popular - Huge community, tons of resources
Simple to learn - Minimal concepts to get started
Flexible - Build any way you want
Transferable - Patterns apply to other frameworks
Job market - High demand

Everything you learn with Express (routing, middleware, authentication, databases) applies to any framework. The syntax changes, but the concepts remain the same.

Key Takeaways#

Minimal vs Full-featured - Trade-off between flexibility and structure
Performance rarely matters - Developer productivity usually matters more
Learn one well - Concepts transfer to other frameworks
Match your team - Use what your team knows
Consider ecosystem - Libraries and community support matter

What is a Framework?#

Framework Types#

Minimal (Micro) Frameworks#

Full-Featured (Batteries-Included) Frameworks#

JavaScript / Node.js Frameworks#

Express.js#

Fastify#

NestJS#

Hono#

Node.js Framework Comparison#

Python Frameworks#

FastAPI#

Django#

Flask#

Python Framework Comparison#

Go Frameworks#

Gin#

Fiber#

Go Framework Comparison#

Rust Frameworks#

Actix-web#

Axum#

Java Frameworks#

Spring Boot#

How to Choose#

This Guide's Choice#

Key Takeaways#

Ready to level up your skills?

What is a Framework?#

Framework Types#

Minimal (Micro) Frameworks#

Full-Featured (Batteries-Included) Frameworks#

JavaScript / Node.js Frameworks#

Express.js#

Fastify#

NestJS#

Hono#

Node.js Framework Comparison#

Python Frameworks#

FastAPI#

Django#

Flask#

Python Framework Comparison#

Go Frameworks#

Gin#

Fiber#

Go Framework Comparison#

Rust Frameworks#

Actix-web#

Axum#

Java Frameworks#

Spring Boot#

How to Choose#

This Guide's Choice#

Key Takeaways#

Ready to level up your skills?